| Common Name |
Scientific name |
First year |
Breeding status |
Established |
| Tinamous |
| Spotted Nothura |
Nothura maculosa |
1966 |
Not reported breeding |
Extirpated |
| Herons, egrets, ibis, spoonbills, and vultures |
| Abdim's Stork |
Ciconia abdimii |
1999 |
Not reported breeding |
Not Established, Present |
| Wooly-necked Stork |
Ciconia episcopus |
1992 |
Not reported breeding |
Unknown |
| White Stork |
Ciconia ciconia |
1993 |
Not reported breeding |
Unknown |
| Black-necked Stork |
Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus |
1974 |
Not reported breeding |
Extirpated |
| Scarlet Ibis |
Eudocimus ruber |
80s |
At least 10 years |
Potentially Established |
| Griffon-type Old World Vulture |
Gyps sp. |
1977 |
Not reported breeding |
Extirpated |
| White Spoonbill |
Platalea leucorodia |
1992 |
Not reported breeding |
Unknown |
| King Vulture |
Sarcoramphus papa |
1957 |
Not reported breeding |
Extirpated |
| Sacred Ibis |
Threskironis aethiopicus |
2000 |
Not reported breeding |
Unknown |
| Top of Page |
| Flamingos |
| Chilean Flamingo |
Phoenicopterus chilensis |
1984 |
Not reported breeding |
Unknown |
| Greater Flamingo |
Phoenicopterus ruber |
1930s |
Not reported breeding |
Unknown |
| Waterfowl |
| Mandarin Duck |
Aix galericulata |
1960s |
At least 10 years |
Not Established, Present |
| Egyptian Goose |
Alopochen aegyptiaca |
1960s |
At least 10 years |
Not Established, Present |
| Spot-billed Duck |
Anas poecilorhyncha |
1980s |
Not reported breeding |
Extirpated |
| White-cheeked Pintail |
Anas bahamensis |
19 |
Not reported breeding |
Not Established, Present |
| Hottentot Teal |
Anas punctata |
1989 |
Not reported breeding |
Extirpated |
| Philippine Duck |
Anas luzonica |
2000 |
Not reported breeding |
Not Established, Present |
| Bar-headed Goose |
Anser indicus |
1995 |
Not reported breeding |
Not Established, Present |
| Bean Goose |
Anser fabalis |
1980s |
At least 10 years |
Not Established, Present |
| Greylag Goose |
Anser anser |
1980s |
At least 10 years |
Not Established, Present |
| Swan Goose |
Anser cygnoides |
1986 |
At least 10 years |
Not Established, Present |
| Muscovy Duck |
Cairina moschata |
1967 |
At least 10 years |
Established |
| Ringed Teal |
Callonetta leucophrys |
1970s |
At least 10 years |
Not Established, Present |
| Coscoroba Swan |
Coscoroba coscoroba |
1993 |
Not reported breeding |
Not Established, Present |
| Mute Swan |
Cygnus olor |
1967 |
At least 10 years |
Not Established, Present |
| Whooper Swan |
Cygnus cygnus |
1991 |
Less than 10 years |
Not Established, Present |
| Black Swan |
Cygnus atratus |
1961 |
At least 10 years |
Not Established, Present |
| West Indian Whistling-Duck |
Dendrocygna arborea |
1969 |
Not reported breeding |
Unknown |
| White-faced Whistling-Duck |
Dendrocygna viduata |
1991 |
Not reported breeding |
Not Established, Present |
| Orinoco Goose |
Neochen jubatus |
1989 |
Not reported breeding |
Not Established, Present |
| Rosy-billed Pochard |
Netta peposaca |
1960s |
Not reported breeding |
Extirpated |
| Ruddy Shelduck |
Tadorna ferruginea |
1970s |
Not reported breeding |
Not Established, Present |
| Common Shelduck |
Tadorna tadorna |
1994 |
Not reported breeding |
Not Established, Present |
| Top of Page |
| Osprey, kites, eagles, accipiters, hawks, and falcons |
| Great Black-Hawk |
Buteogallus urubitinga |
1970s |
Not reported breeding |
Extirpated |
| Common Black-Hawk |
Buteogallus anthracinus |
1972 |
Not reported breeding |
| Hook-billed Kite |
Chondrohierax uncinatus |
1991 |
Not reported breeding |
Unknown |
| Eurasian Kestrel |
Falco tinnunculus |
1995 |
Not reported breeding |
Unknown |
| Crane Hawk |
Geranospiza caerulescens |
1972 |
Not reported breeding |
Extirpated |
| Harris' Hawk |
Parabuteo unicinctus |
1950s |
Not reported breeding |
Unknown |
| Top of Page |
| Grouse, pheasants, and other game birds |
| Chukar |
Alectoris chukar |
1930s |
Not reported breeding |
Extirpated |
| Ruffed Grouse |
Bonasa umbellus |
1972 |
Not reported breeding |
Unknown |
| Scaled Quail |
Callipepla squamata |
pre-1928 |
Not reported breeding |
Unknown |
| Golden Pheasant |
Chrysolophus pictus |
1999 |
Not reported breeding |
Not Established, Present |
| Red Junglefowl |
Gallus gallus |
1966 |
Not reported breeding |
Extirpated |
| Helmeted Guineafowl |
Numida meleagris |
1940s |
Not reported breeding |
Unknown |
| Common Peafowl |
Pavo cristatus |
1950s |
At least 10 years |
Not Established, Present |
| Ring-necked Pheasant |
Phasianus colchicus |
1950s |
Not reported breeding |
Not Established, Present |
| Cranes, rails, and gallinules |
| Gray-necked Wood-Rail |
Aramides cajanea |
1960s |
Not reported breeding |
Extirpated |
| Gray Crowned Crane |
Balearica regulorum |
1960s |
Not reported breeding |
Extirpated |
| Black Crowned Crane |
Balearica pavonia |
1999 |
Not reported breeding |
Unknown |
| Sarus Crane |
Grus antigone |
1989 |
Less than 10 years |
Not Established, Present |
| Purple Swamphen |
Porphyrio porphyrio |
1996 |
Less than 10 years |
Potentially Established |
| Top of Page |
| Shorebirds, gulls, and terns |
| Southern Lapwing |
Vanellus chilensis |
1950s |
Not reported breeding |
Extirpated |
| Doves and pigeons |
| Rock Dove |
Columba livia |
1966 |
At least 10 years |
Established |
| Inca Dove |
Columbina inca |
1963 |
At least 10 years |
Not Established, Present |
| Diamond Dove |
Geopelia cuneata |
1986 |
Not reported breeding |
Unknown |
| Eurasian Collared-Dove |
Streptopelia decaocto |
1987 |
Less than 10 years |
Established |
| Spotted Dove |
Streptopelia chinensis |
1975 |
Not reported breeding |
Extirpated |
| Ringed Turtle-Dove |
Streptopelia risoria |
1930s |
At least 10 years |
Not Established, Present |
| White-winged Dove |
Zenaida asiatica |
1959 |
At least 10 years |
Established |
| Parrots |
| Masked Lovebird |
Agapornis personata |
1986 |
Not reported breeding |
Not Established, Present |
| Peach-faced Lovebird |
Agapornis roseicollis |
1980s |
Not reported breeding |
Not Established, Present |
| Fischer's Lovebird |
Agapornis fischeri |
1980s |
Not reported breeding |
Unknown |
| Yellow-crowned Parrot |
Amazona ochrocephala |
1970s |
At least 10 years |
Not Established, Present |
| Orange-winged Parrot |
Amazona amazonica |
1970s |
At least 10 years |
Not Established, Present |
| Red-crowned Parrot |
Amazona viridigenalis |
1970s |
At least 10 years |
Unknown |
| White-fronted Parrot |
Amazona albifrons |
1970s |
Not reported breeding |
Unknown |
| Yellow-shouldered Parrot |
Amazona barbadensis |
1980s |
Not reported breeding |
Extirpated |
| Lilac-crowned Parrot |
Amazona finschi |
1970s |
Not reported breeding |
Unknown |
| Festive Parrot |
Amazona festiva |
1980s |
Not reported breeding |
Unknown |
| Red-spectacled Parrot |
Amazona pretrei |
1988 |
Not reported breeding |
Not Established, Present |
| Red-lored Parrot |
Amazona autumnalis |
1980 |
At least 10 years |
Not Established, Present |
| Mealy Parrot |
Amazona farinosa |
1983 |
Not reported breeding |
Not Established, Present |
| Turquoise-fronted Parrot |
Amazona aestiva |
1979 |
At least 10 years |
Not Established, Present |
| Yellow-headed Parrot |
Amazona oratrix |
1970 |
At least 10 years |
Unknown |
| Yellow-naped Parrot |
Amazona auropalliata |
1970s |
Not reported breeding |
Unknown |
| Hispaniolan Parrot |
Amazona ventralis |
1970s |
At least 10 years |
Not Established, Present |
| Hyacinth Macaw |
Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus |
1985 |
Not reported breeding |
Not Established, Present |
| Blue-and-yellow Macaw |
Ara ararauna |
1985 |
At least 10 years |
Not Established, Present |
| Scarlet Macaw |
Ara macao |
1980s |
Not reported breeding |
Not Established, Present |
| Military Macaw |
Ara militaris |
1980s |
Not reported breeding |
Not Established, Present |
| Red-shouldered Macaw |
Ara nobilis |
1986 |
Not reported breeding |
Not Established, Present |
| Chestnut-fronted Macaw |
Ara severa |
1981 |
Less than 10 years |
Potentially Established |
| Yellow-collared Macaw |
Ara auricollis |
1981 |
Not reported breeding |
Not Established, Present |
| Orange-fronted Parakeet |
Aratinga canicularis |
1972 |
Not reported breeding |
Extirpated |
| Green Parakeet |
Aratinga holochlora |
1920 |
Not reported breeding |
Not Established, Present |
| Blue-crowned Parakeet |
Aratinga acuticaudata |
1980s |
Less than 10 years |
Not Established, Present |
| Scarlet-fronted Parakeet |
Aratinga wagleri |
1987 |
Not reported breeding |
Not Established, Present |
| Mitred Parakeet |
Aratinga mitrata |
1985 |
At least 10 years |
Not Established, Present |
| Crimson-fronted Parakeet |
Aratinga finschi |
1980s |
Not reported breeding |
Unknown |
| Red-masked Parakeet |
Aratinga erthogenys |
1983 |
At least 10 years |
Not Established, Present |
| White-eyed Parakeet |
Aratinga leucopthalmus |
1987 |
Not reported breeding |
Not Established, Present |
| Hispaniolan Parakeet |
Aratinga chloroptera |
1975 |
Not reported breeding |
Not Established, Present |
| Peach-fronted Parakeet |
Aratinga aurea |
1987 |
Not reported breeding |
Not Established, Present |
| Brown-throated Parakeet |
Aratinga pertinax |
1970 |
Not reported breeding |
Unknown |
| Dusky-headed Parakeet |
Aratinga weddellii |
1984 |
At least 10 years |
Not Established, Present |
| Orange-chinned Parakeet |
Brotogeris jugularis |
1960s |
Not reported breeding |
Unknown |
| White-winged Parakeet |
Brotogeris versicolurus |
1968 |
At least 10 years |
Not Established, Present |
| Yellow-chevroned Parakeet |
Brotogeris chiriri |
1977 |
At least 10 years |
Not Established, Present |
| Tui Parakeet |
Brotogeris sanctithomae |
1970s |
Unknown |
| Greater Sulphur-crested Cockatoo |
Cacatua galerita |
1950s |
Not reported breeding |
Unknown |
| Salmon-crested Cockatoo |
Cacatua moluccensis |
1980s |
Not reported breeding |
Unknown |
| Tanimbar Cockatoo |
Cacutua goffini |
1986 |
Not reported breeding |
Not Established, Present |
| White Cockatoo |
Cacutua alba |
1980s |
Not reported breeding |
Not Established, Present |
| Burrowing Parrot |
Cyanoliseus patagonus |
1980s |
Not reported breeding |
Not Established, Present |
| Eclectus Parrot |
Eclectus roratus |
1986 |
Not reported breeding |
Unknown |
| Galah |
Eolophus roseicapillus |
1960 |
Not reported breeding |
Not Established, Present |
| Red Lory |
Eos bornea |
1980s |
Not reported breeding |
Not Established, Present |
| Chattering Lory |
Lorius garrulus |
1980s |
Not reported breeding |
Unknown |
| Budgerigar |
Melopsittacus undulatus |
1930s |
At least 10 years |
Established |
| Monk Parakeet |
Myiopsitta monachus |
1969 |
At least 10 years |
Established |
| Black-hooded Parakeet |
Nandayus nenday |
1969 |
At least 10 years |
Not Established, Present |
| Cockatiel |
Nymphicus hollandicus |
1960s |
Not reported breeding |
Not Established, Present |
| Black-headed Parrot |
Pionites melanocephala |
1993 |
Not reported breeding |
Unknown |
| White-crowned Parrot |
Pionus senilis |
1984 |
Not reported breeding |
Unknown |
| Rueppell's Parrot |
Poicephalus rueppellii |
1960s |
At least 10 years |
Not Established, Present |
| Senegal Parrot |
Poicephalus senegalus |
1983 |
At least 10 years |
Not Established, Present |
| Red-rumped Parrot |
Psephotus haemantonotus |
1980s |
Not reported breeding |
Unknown |
| Dusky Lory |
Pseudeos fuscata |
1999 |
Not reported breeding |
Not Established, Present |
| Malabar Parakeet |
Psittacula columboides |
2000 |
Not reported breeding |
Not Established, Present |
| Moustached Parakeet |
Psittacula alexandri |
1994 |
Not reported breeding |
Unknown |
| Plum-headed Parakeet |
Psittacula cyanocephala |
1976 |
Not reported breeding |
Unknown |
| Blossom-headed Parakeet |
Psittacula roseata |
1984 |
Not reported breeding |
Not Established, Present |
| Rose-ringed Parakeet |
Psittacula krameri |
1930s |
At least 10 years |
Not Established, Present |
| Alexandrine Parakeet |
Psittacula eupatria |
1992 |
Not reported breeding |
Unknown |
| Gray Parrot |
Psittacus erithacus |
1984 |
Not reported breeding |
Not Established, Present |
| Green-cheeked Parakeet |
Pyrrhura molinae |
1983 |
At least 10 years |
Not Established, Present |
| Maroon-bellied Parakeet |
Pyrrhura frontalis |
1980s |
At least 10 years |
Not Established, Present |
| Maroon-fronted Parrot |
Rhynchopsitta terrisi |
1985 |
Not reported breeding |
Not Established, Present |
| Rainbow Lorikeet |
Trichoglossus haematod |
1980s |
Not reported breeding |
Unknown |
| Ornate Lorikeet |
Trichoglossus ornatus |
1988 |
Not reported breeding |
Unknown |
| Scaly-breasted Lorikeet |
Trichoglossus chlorolepidotus |
1986 |
Not reported breeding |
Unknown |
| Top of Page |
| Turacos |
| Violet Touraco |
Musophaga violacea |
1988 |
Not reported breeding |
Unknown |
| Schalow's Turaco |
Turaco schalowi |
1992 |
Not reported breeding |
Not Established, Present |
| Owls |
| Spectacled Owl |
Pulsatrix perspicillata |
1970 |
Not reported breeding |
Unknown |
| Rollers, kingfishers and relatives |
| Wreathed Hornbill |
Aceros undulatus |
1994 |
Not reported breeding |
Not Established, Present |
| Abyssinian Ground-Hornbill |
Bucorvus abyssinicus |
1991 |
Not reported breeding |
Not Established, Present |
| Silvery-cheeked Hornbill |
Ceratogymna brevis |
1994 |
Not reported breeding |
Unknown |
| Ringed Kingfisher |
Ceryle torquata |
1995 |
Not reported breeding |
Unknown |
| Toco Toucan |
Ramphastos toco |
1980s |
Not reported breeding |
Unknown |
| African Gray Hornbill |
Tockus nasutus |
1999 |
Not reported breeding |
Not Established, Present |
| Woodpeckers, toucans and relatives |
| Citron-throated Toucan |
Ramphastos citreolaemus |
1980s |
Not reported breeding |
Unknown |
| Keel-billed Toucan |
Ramphastos sulfuratus |
1972 |
Not reported breeding |
Unknown |
| Top of Page |
| Passerines or perching birds |
| Crested Myna |
Acridotheres cristatellus |
1983 |
At least 10 years |
Not Established, Present |
| Common Myna |
Acridotheres tristis |
1983 |
At least 10 years |
Not Established, Present |
| Jungle Myna |
Acridotheres fuscus |
1980s |
Not reported breeding |
Unknown |
| Zebra Finch |
Amandava subflava |
1990 |
Less than 10 years |
Not Established, Present |
| Red Avadavat |
Amandava amandava |
1987 |
Not reported breeding |
Not Established, Present |
| European Goldfinch |
Carduelis carduelis |
1986 |
Not reported breeding |
Extirpated |
| European Greenfinch |
Carduelis chloris |
1963 |
Not reported breeding |
Extirpated |
| House Finch |
Carpodacus mexicanus |
At least 10 years |
Established |
| Common Raven |
Corvus corax |
1994 |
Not reported breeding |
Unknown |
| Green Jay |
Cyanocorax yncas |
1970s |
Not reported breeding |
Unknown |
| Azure Jay |
Cyanocorax caeruleus |
1964 |
Not reported breeding |
Extirpated |
| Orange-cheeked Waxbill |
Estrilda melpoda |
1972 |
Not reported breeding |
Extirpated |
| Red-collared Widowbird |
Euplectes ardens |
1990 |
Not reported breeding |
Not Established, Present |
| Red Bishop |
Euplectes orix |
1970s |
Not reported breeding |
Not Established, Present |
| Yellow-crowned Bishop |
Euplectes afer |
1984 |
Not reported breeding |
Not Established, Present |
| Orange Bishop |
Euplectes franciscanus |
1994 |
Not reported breeding |
Unknown |
| Black Francolin |
Francolinus francolinus |
1960 |
Not reported breeding |
Extirpated |
| Greater Necklaced Laughing-thrush |
Garrulax pectoralis |
1960 |
Not reported breeding |
Extirpated |
| Hill Myna |
Gracula religiosa |
1950s |
At least 10 years |
Potentially Established |
| Black Bulbul |
Hypsipetes madagascariensis |
1998 |
Not reported breeding |
Not Established, Present |
| Spot-breasted Oriole |
Icterus pectoralis |
1960 |
At least 10 years |
Established |
| Troupial |
Icterus icterus |
1960 |
Not reported breeding |
Extirpated |
| Asian Fairy-bluebird |
Irena puella |
1967 |
Not reported breeding |
Extirpated |
| Red-billed Leiothrix |
Leiothrix lutea |
1984 |
Not reported breeding |
Unknown |
| Nutmeg Mannikin |
Lonchura punctulata |
1964 |
Less than 10 years |
Not Established, Present |
| African Silverbill |
Lonchura cantans |
1965 |
At least 10 years |
Unknown |
| Madagascar Mannikin |
Lonchura nana |
1970s |
Not reported breeding |
Unknown |
| Chestnut Mannikin |
Lonchura malacca |
1999 |
Not reported breeding |
Unknown |
| White-headed Mannikin |
Lonchura maja |
1988 |
Not reported breeding |
Unknown |
| Chestnut Munia |
Lonchura atricapilla |
1965 |
Less than 10 years |
Not Established, Present |
| Greater Antillean Bullfinch |
Loxigilla violacea |
1977 |
Not reported breeding |
Extirpated |
| Common Nightingale |
Luscinia megarhynchos |
1920s |
Not reported breeding |
Extirpated |
| Cuban Bullfinch |
Melopyrrha nigra |
1958 |
Not reported breeding |
Extirpated |
| Java Sparrow |
Padda oryzivora |
1950s |
At least 10 years |
Unknown |
| Red-capped Cardinal |
Paroaria gularis |
1965 |
Not reported breeding |
Extirpated |
| Red-crested Cardinal |
Paroaria coronata |
1960 |
At least 10 years |
Not Established, Present |
| House Sparrow |
Passer domesticus |
2000s |
At least 10 years |
Established |
| Sudan Golden Sparrow |
Passer luteus |
1986 |
Not reported breeding |
Extirpated |
| American Magpie |
Pica hudsonia |
1934 |
Less than 10 years |
Unknown |
| Great Kiskadee |
Pitangus sulphuratus |
1960 |
Not reported breeding |
Extirpated |
| Banded Pitta |
Pitta guajana |
1960s |
Not reported breeding |
Extirpated |
| Vitelline Masked Weaver |
Ploceus velatus |
1967 |
Not reported breeding |
Unknown |
| Village Weaver |
Ploceus cucullatus |
1998 |
Not reported breeding |
Unknown |
| Montezuma Oropendola |
Psarocolinus montezuma |
1959 |
Not reported breeding |
Extirpated |
| Red-whiskered Bulbul |
Pycnonotus jocosus |
1960s |
At least 10 years |
Established |
| Yellow-fronted Canary |
Serinus mozambicus |
1983 |
Not reported breeding |
Not Established, Present |
| Saffron Finch |
Sicalis flaveola |
1960s |
Not reported breeding |
Unknown |
| European Starling |
Sturnus vulgaris |
1920 |
At least 10 years |
Established |
| Blue-gray Tanager |
Thraupis episcopus |
1960 |
At least 10 years |
Extirpated |
| Cuban Grassquit |
Tiaris canora |
1958 |
Not reported breeding |
Unknown |
| Red-cheeked Cordonbleu |
Uraeginthus bengalus |
1960s |
Not reported breeding |
Extirpated |
| Pin-tailed Whydah |
Vidua macroura |
1980s |
Not reported breeding |
Unknown |
| Top of Page |